Open Door Policy (China’s Economic Reforms)
门户开放政策 （中国的经济改革开放）
The swift changes that China has experienced over the last three decades since the death of Chairman Mao Zedong in 1976 have no precedents in the history of any other country in the world. In the late 70s and early 80s, China’s socialist economic system had many shortcomings: agriculture was collectivized, the State owned the whole land and means of production, foreign investment was inexistent, etc. However, in less than 30 years, China overcame all these shortcomings and turned into one market economy which is annually growing at more than 8 %. Chairman Deng Xiaoping, who during the Cultural Revolution also suffered from Maoist radicalism, was the man who carried out all these reforms that have so deeply changed the Chinese society. When Deng Xiaoping came to power in 1978, he carried out the so called Open Door Policy whose target was to steadily liberalize the Chinese economy, attract foreign investment and hence wipe out China’s economic underdevelopment. In order to achieve this goal, five Special Economic Zones were opened in the southern cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen and Hainan where a market economy was developed. These little “capitalist oasis” in the Chinese communist system were like small scope laboratories where to test if a market economy would work within the Chinese socialist economy without having to run too many risks. As Deng Xiaoping had expected, the results of this new economy system were outstanding and drew many foreign investors who were attracted by the fact that Chinese government welcomed foreign investment and especially because labour was abundant and cheap. Hence, more and more Special Economic Zones were gradually opened all along the main Chinese coast cities.
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